FORM
The verb 'be'
 
AFFIRMATIVE (+)
  Past Simple Present Perfect
  S + was / were S + have / has + been
I I was I have been
we we were we have been
you you were you have been
they they were they have been
he he was he has been
she she was she has been
it it was it has been
 
NEGATIVE (-)
  Past Simple Present Perfect
  S + was / were + not S + have / has + not + been
I I was not I have not been
we we were not you have not been
you you were not we have not been
they they were not they have not been
he he was not he has not been
she she was not she has not been
it it was not it has not been
 
was not = wasn't
were not = weren't
has not = hasn't
have not = haven't
 
INTERROGATIVE (?) — General questions (or "Yes/ No") questions
  Past Simple Present Perfect
  was + S … ? have / has + S + been … ?
I was I has I been
we were we have we been
you were you have you been
they were they have they been
he was he has he been
she was she has she been
it was it has it been
 
INTERROGATIVE (?) — Special (or "Wh") questions
To make "Wh" questions we usually put a question word (QW) before a construction of "Yes/No" questions:
E.g.
Past Simple Past Continuous
QW + was / were + S + … ? QW + have / has + S + been … ?
Why were you … ? How many times have you been … ?
Where was he … ? Where has he been … ?
 
SHORT ANSWERS
Past Simple Past Continuous
Yes, S + did. No, S + didn't. Yes, S + was / were. No, S + wasn't. / weren't.
Yes, I was. No, I wasn't. Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
Yes, we were. No, we weren't. Yes, we have. No, we haven't.
Yes, you were. No, you weren't. Yes, you have. No, you haven't.
Yes, they were. No, they weren't. Yes, they have. No, they haven't.
Yes, he was. No, he wasn't. Yes, he has. No, he hasn't.
Yes, she was. No, she wasn't. Yes, she has. No, she hasn't.
Yes, it was. No, it wasn't. Yes, it has. No, it hasn't.
Зверни увагу!
NOTE!
In short answers we use pronouns (I, we, you, they, he, she, it).
E.g.
— Has Maria been to London?
— No, she hasn't. (NOT: No, Maria didn't.)
***
S — Subject of the sentence
QW — Question word (E.g. what, when, where, why, who, how)