Речення з непрямою мовою утворюється за допомогою вступних дієслів (introductory verbs) say, tell, reply, ask, inform, remark, explain згідно з наступною схемою:Якщо вступне дієслово в головному реченні вживається в теперішньому часі, то форма дієслова в непрямій мові не змінюється.
introductory verb \(+\) (that) \(+\) reported speech.
Приклад:
‘I don’t like apples’ (present simple). — Peter says (that) he doesn’t like apples (present simple).
‘My family moved to Paris in \(2017\)’ (past simple). — Sam says (that) his family moved to Paris in \(2017\) (past simple).
‘My family moved to Paris in \(2017\)’ (past simple). — Sam says (that) his family moved to Paris in \(2017\) (past simple).
Якщо вступне дієслово в головному реченні вживається в минулому часі, то форма дієслова в непрямій мові змінюється на форму одного з минулих часів:
present simple — past simple.
Приклад:
‘I need a new coat,’ Mary said. — Mary said (that) she needed a new coat;
present continuous — past continuous.
Приклад:
‘The baby is crying,’ she said. — She said (that) the baby was crying;
present perfect — past perfect.
Приклад:
‘I have already read this book,’ he said. — He said (that) he had already read the book;
past simple — past perfect.
Приклад:
‘I sold my car,’ John said. — John said (that) he had sold his car;
past continuous — past perfect continuous.
Приклад:
‘I was watching TV at \(5\) pm,’ she said. She said (that) she had been watching TV at \(5\) pm;
past perfect — не змінюється;
future (will) — future-in-the-past (would).
Приклад:
‘I will call you tomorrow,’ Paul said. — Paul said (that) he would call me the next day.